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1976) (privacy); Minnesota State Board of Wealth v. Cit_ of
Brainerdf 241 N.Wo2d 624 (Minn° 1976) (bodily integrity); and
A_den v° Younger_ 57 Calo Appo3d 662, 129 Sal. Rptr. 535 (1976)
(privacy of mind). The Minneso%a S_tg__Board of_Health casef
while upholding the power of the city to fluoridate the city
water supply_ recognized that the right of personal privacy_
guaranteed under the First, Fourth, Fifths Ninth and Fourteenth
Amendments, extends to protecting an individual's decision
regarding what he will or will not ingest into his body° The
court noted that "this concept of bodily integrity is rooted in
common lawo" 241 NoW.2d at 631.
Thus_ it is clear that the courts_ both state and federal_
have used the Ninth Amendment as a source of substantive
protection for an increasing number of individual rights not
enumerated in the Constitutions but nevertheless _Tretained by the
people."
IIio RULES OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION SUPPORT A SUBSTANTIVE
READING OF THE NINTH AMENDMENT.
As a general rule, a statute should not be read so as to de-
prive any of its words of meaning. The Ninth Amendment states
that there are other unenumerated rights "retained by the
people. '_
While the Constitution explicitly states that these
unenumerated rights of the people exist, the traditional
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