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 initial listing of drugs that it placed into the original
 five schedules of the Act.
 NDA=approved drugs were placed by Congress into
 Schedules I!, III, iV and V of the Act. For examples
 pethidine (also known as meperidine) received New Drug
 Application (NDA) approval in !942o Congress put it into
 Schedule II(b) (14)_ Methamphetamine had an approved NDA.
 Congress put it into Schedule iII(a) (3). I am not aware of
 any drug with an approved NDA that Congress originally put
 into Schedule I.
 Drugs with medical uses_ but without approved NDA's
 also were placed by Congress into Schedules II, III_ IV and
 V. For examples cocaine was put into Schedule II(a)(4).
 Codeine combinations were put into Sclhedules iII(d) (I) and
 V. Morphine combinations were put into Schedule Ill(d) (8).
 Phenobarbital was put into Schedule IV(ll) o Barbiturates
 were put into Schedule IIi(b) (1). Amphetamines were put
 into Schedule Ill(a) (I)°
 The Court of Appeals for the Fir:st Circuit was correct
 when it decided in Grinspoon v. DE A_ 828 F.2d 881 (1987)
 that NDA approval is not the only method by which drugs can
 achieve Federal recognition as having medical uses°
 Congress put both GRASE drugs and pre_1938-grandfathered
 drugs into Schedules II, I!I, IV and V of the CSA.
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